Code number (MAL code) and product selection
To read the two numbers and choose the least dangerous product
Introduction
Many paints lacquers glues and joint masses are supplied with a code number — also called a MAL code. The code is a quick and easy-to-read expression of how dangerous the product is to work with and what precautions must at minimum be taken. It is regulated by the code numbering ordinance and is one of the most important tools for working safely with chemical products on a construction site or in a workshop.
The rules are in two executive orders from 13 May 1993: BEK nr. 301 on the assignment of code numbers and BEK nr. 302 on work with code-numbered products. Both still apply.
Two numbers with hyphen between
A code number is written as two numbers with a hyphen between them for example in the form number–number. The two numbers each describe a type of hazard and a type of protection.
| Part of the test | What it's about | What a higher number means |
|---|---|---|
| The number before the hyphen | Inhalation of fumes from volatile constituents including organic solvents | Greater requirements for protection against inhalation (ventilation, respiratory protection) |
| The number after the hyphen | Contact with the product on skin and eyes and inhalation of aerosols/ingestion | Greater requirements for protection of skin, eyes and respiratory system |
What does MAL mean?
MAL stands for Måleteknisk Arbejdshygiejnisk Luftbehov (measurement-based occupational hygiene air requirement). It is how many m³ of fresh air are needed per litre of product.
The number before the hyphen
| Number before the hyphen | Air requirement (MAL) per litre of product |
|---|---|
| 00- | 0 to 30 m³ |
| 0- | Over 30 and up to 100 m³ |
| 1- | Over 100 and up to 400 m³ |
| 2- | Over 400 and up to 800 m³ |
| 3- | Over 800 and up to 1,600 m³ |
| 4- | Over 1,600 and up to 3,200 m³ |
| 5- | Over 3,200 m³ |
There are seven groups. The higher the number, the more ventilation and respiratory protection is required.
The number after the hyphen
The number after the hyphen ranges from -1 to -6. It determines the protective equipment for skin, eyes, spray mist, dust and ingestion.
The code controls requirements for ventilation and protective equipment
The code number is not just information — it is linked to specific requirements. For a given combination of code and work method there are certain minimum requirements for ventilation extraction respiratory protection gloves and other protection. The rules state what is at minimum necessary for that specific code and the way the product is used for example rolling spraying or brushing.
Substitution — choose the least dangerous product
A key principle in the working environment is substitution: if a dangerous task can be solved with a less dangerous product you should as a starting point choose it. For coded products this means choosing a product with a lower code number if it can be used for the task without compromising quality. A water-based product with a low code number can often replace one with solvent and a high code.
Where do you find the code and requirements
The code number is on the package and in the product's safety data sheet. The requirements associated with the code are found in the Labor Authority's rules on code-numbered products with attached appendices for different types of work. If unsure about what protection a particular code requires for a particular task look it up in the rules rather than guessing.
Context with epoxy and isocyanates
Many epoxy and isocyanate products have a code number, but the code number is not alone for these substances: they are also covered by the special rules for epoxy and isocyanates, including the training requirement. The code number tells about ventilation and protective equipment, while the epoxy/isocyanate rules set the additional requirements that follow from the substances' allergy risk. Both must be in place.