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Computer-controlled processing in the modern fabrication workshop
CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control and covers machines controlled by a program instead of solely by hand force. CNC is used in metalworking for among other things cutting, milling, turning and sheet working.
A CNC process typically starts with a technical drawing or 3D model. From this a programme is created describing the tool's movements. The programme can be written directly in the machine's language (G-code) or generated in a CAM programme from the model.
Before the machine runs, the piece must be securely clamped and a zero point must be defined. The zero point is the reference point from which all coordinates in the program are calculated. Incorrect clamping or an incorrect zero point can damage the piece or harm the machine and operator.
Although CNC takes over much of the manual work it does not replace professional understanding. The metal fabricator must still be able to read drawings choose tools assess material and quality control the finished piece. CNC is a tool that enhances the craft — it does not replace it.