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Steam time for bending wood

How long should the span or plank lie in the steam chest?

Answer: Ribs, battens and boards that bend strongly are steamed in a steam box until the lignin is softened. The doors are closed when the temperature has risen. Time counts from now and approximately 1 hour per inch (2.54 cm) thickness for hardwood.

Formula

Damptid = tykkelse ÷ 25,4 mm × minutter pr. tomme

The time is counted from the steam flows freely out of the box.

Thickness is the smallest side of the workpiece because the heat must enter from both sides.

Symbols and units in the formula
SymbolMeaningUnit
tykkelseThickness of the wood (the smallest side)mm
min_pr_tommeSteam time per inch (traditionally 60)min
=Steam timemin
=Steam time in hourstimer

Validity and source

Source
Boatbuilding rule: 1 hour per inch (25.4 mm) thickness (WoodenBoat, traditional practice)

Does not apply when

  • The rule applies air-dried fresh-cut wood like oak ash and elm. Kiln-dried wood bends poorly no matter drying time. Bend straight away: the wood stiffens again in a minute or two.

Worked example

The calculator's own default values inserted. The figures are calculated with exactly the formula the tool uses.

Substituted

  • Thickness of the wood (the smallest side)22 mm
  • Steam time per inch (traditionally 60)60 min

Giver

  • Steam time52 min
  • Steam time in hours0.87 timer

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Sådan bruger du den

Når du skal skifte spanter eller bøje lister og planker til et træskrog, dampes træet i en dampkasse, til det kan bøjes uden at knække. Beregneren giver damptiden ud fra tykkelsen.

Step by step

  1. Mål den mindste side på emnet.
  2. Indtast tykkelsen.
  3. Juster minutter pr. tomme, hvis du har erfaring med netop den træsort.
  4. Start uret, når dampen strømmer ud af kassen, og bøj emnet straks, når det tages ud.

Typical errors

  • At regne efter den bredeste side. Det er den mindste, der tæller.
  • At starte uret før dampen er oppe i kassen.
  • At bruge ovntørret træ, som ikke kan bøjes ordentligt.
  • At vente med at bøje. Træet stivner hurtigt.

Examples from everyday life

Nye egespanter i en spidsgatter

Du skal skifte spanter i en spidsgatter. De nye spanter er 22 × 32 mm eg.

Thickness of the wood (the smallest side)
22 mm
Steam time per inch (traditionally 60)
60 min

It means: Spanterne skal dampe ca. 52 min. Hav kopperne og en hjælper klar, før de tages ud.

Tyk eg til en køllist

En køllist af 38 mm eg skal bøjes ind under skroget.

Thickness of the wood (the smallest side)
38 mm
Steam time per inch (traditionally 60)
60 min

It means: Listen skal dampe ca. 90 min, altså 1.5 hours.

Rule of thumb

1 time pr. tomme (25 mm) tykkelse.

How to check the answer

Dobbelt tykkelse giver dobbelt damptid.