§ 16
What is carbon equivalent for chassis steel from certificate?
Answer: The carbon equivalent combines the steel's content of carbon and alloying elements in one figure that tells how hardenable the steel is in the heat-affected zone. The higher the CEV, the greater the risk of hard, brittle zones and hydrogen cracking, and the more you need to think about preheating and filler material when you weld on chassis and structures. The calculator works out CEV from the chemical analysis on the material certificate (in weight percent). It does not replace the welding procedure (WPS) or EN 1011-2's method for preheating.
CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15, alle i vægtprocent fra materialecertifikatet (IIW, International Institute of Welding)
Carbon counts fully, manganese at 1/6, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium at 1/5, nickel and copper at 1/15
Product standard sets a ceiling on CEV e.g. S355 in EN 10025-2: max. 0.45 for goods up to 30 mm
Preheating according to EN 1011-2 depends on CEV material thickness hydrogen content in the filler material and heat input
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| c | Carbon C | % |
| mn | Manganese Mn | % |
| cr | Chromium Cr | % |
| mo | Molybdenum Mo | % |
| v | Vanadium V | % |
| ni | Nickel Ni | % |
| cu | Copper Cu | % |
| = | Carbon equivalent CEV (IIW) | — |
| = | Contribution from carbon and manganese | — |
| = | Contribution from other alloying elements | — |
Does not apply when
The calculator's own default values inserted. The figures are calculated with exactly the formula the tool uses.
Substituted
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Når du svejser i chassis, opbygninger eller kraftigere plade, skal du vide hvor svejsbart stålet er. Kulstofækvivalenten fra materialecertifikatet viser risikoen for hårde zoner og revner, og den bruges når forvarmningen fastlægges.
Certifikatet for S355-plade til en opbygning viser C 0,17, Mn 1,40, Cr 0,03, Mo 0,01, V 0,005, Ni 0,03, Cu 0,03.
It means: CEV er 0.416. Det er under loftet for S355 på 0,45, men over ca. 0,40, så forvarmning kan blive nødvendig i tykt gods. Følg WPS'en.
Et termomekanisk valset chassisstål har C 0,08, Mn 1,50 og meget lidt andet.
It means: CEV er kun 0.344. Stålet er let at svejse, men producentens reparationsvejledning kan stadig sætte grænser for varmetilførsel.
En kunde vil have svejst en bladfjeder af 50CrV4: C 0,50, Mn 0,90, Cr 1,00, V 0,15.
It means: CEV er 0.88. Det er langt over grænserne for almindelig svejsning. Fjedre svejses ikke.
Under ca. 0,40 regnes stål normalt for let svejseligt i tyndt gods.
Bidragene fra C + Mn og de øvrige skal give CEV.