Bleeding, wounds and burns

Bleeding, wounds and burns are among the most common injuries in the workplace and at home. Most are harmless, but severe bleeding can be life-threatening, and improperly handled burns can become worse than they needed to. That is why it is important to know the simple, correct techniques.

§Stopping severe bleeding

A heavy bleed must be stopped quickly. Apply firm direct pressure to the wound — preferably with a clean cloth or bandage — and maintain the pressure. If possible keep the bleeding body part elevated so blood supply is reduced. If the bandage becomes soaked apply a new one on top rather than removing it so clotted blood doesn't tear away.

§Treatment of minor wounds

Smaller wounds are rinsed clean with clean water to remove dirt, then covered with a plaster or clean dressing. Avoid touching the wound area itself with fingers. Watch for signs of inflammation in the days after — redness, swelling, heat and increased pain — and seek medical attention if the wound is deep, dirty or will not heal.

• 01Rinse the wound clean with clean water
• 02Stop any bleeding with pressure
• 03Cover with plaster or clean bandage.
• 04Keep an eye on signs of inflammation
• 05Seek a doctor for deep, dirty or large wounds

§Burns — cool with water

The most important first aid for a burn is to cool immediately. Hold the burned area under lukewarm running water for an extended period — cooling both relieves pain and limits how deep the injury becomes. Remove rings watches and tight clothing around the area before it swells but leave clothing stuck in the wound.

§When should the burn be seen by a doctor

Always seek help for large burns, burns to the face, hands, feet or genitals, and burns in children and the elderly. The same applies to chemical and electrical burns, where the damage is often deeper than it looks. For chemicals on the skin, rinse thoroughly with water and follow the safety data sheet.

§When you are in doubt.

If you are unsure about how serious an injury is, call and ask. It is better to have an injury assessed one time too many than one time too little. Remain calm, protect the injured person from further harm, and stay with the person until the situation is clarified.

“For bleeding: pressure. For burning: cool. Two simple moves that make the vast majority of the difference.”

— Basic first aid rule